Nyocha na Nhazi nke Usoro Mgbochi Ọkụ Maka Mkpuchi PVC

Nyocha na Nhazi nke Usoro Mgbochi Ọkụ Maka Mkpuchi PVC

Onye ahịa ahụ na-emepụta ụlọ ntu PVC ma chọọ itinye ihe mkpuchi na-egbochi ire ọkụ. Usoro dị ugbu a nwere akụkụ 60 nke resin PVC, akụkụ 40 nke TOTM, akụkụ 30 nke aluminom hypophosphite (nwere ọdịnaya phosphorus 40%), akụkụ 10 nke MCA, akụkụ 8 nke zinc borate, yana ihe ndị na-agbasa. Agbanyeghị, arụmọrụ nke ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ adịghị mma, mgbasa nke ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ ezughịkwa oke. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nyocha nke ihe kpatara ya na mgbanwe akwadoro na usoro ahụ.

I. Isi Ihe Mere E Ji Adịghị Agba Ọkụ n'Obi

1. Sistemụ Na-egbochi Ọkụ Na-adịghị Mma nke Nwere Mmetụta Njikọ Na-adịghị Ike

• Aluminom hypophosphite gabigara ókè (akụkụ iri atọ):
  Ọ bụ ezie na aluminom hypophosphite bụ ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke sitere na phosphorus (ọdịnaya phosphorus 40%), itinye oke ibu (ihe karịrị akụkụ 25) nwere ike ibute:
• Mmụba dị ukwuu na viscosity sistemụ, na-eme ka mgbasa sie ike ma na-emepụta ebe ndị a na-agbakọta nke na-eme ka ọkụ na-agba ọsọ ("mmetụta wick").
• Mbelata ike ihe na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri mebiri emebi n'ihi oke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-adịghị mma.
• Ọdịnaya MCA dị elu (akụkụ iri):
  A na-ejikarị MCA (nke dabere na nitrogen) eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ọgwụ ahụ gafere akụkụ ise, ọ na-agbaga n'elu, na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke ukwuu ma nwee ike igbochi ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ire ọkụ.
• Enweghị ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ:
  Ọ bụ ezie na zinc borate nwere mmetụta na-egbochi anwụrụ ọkụ, enweghị ihe ndị sitere na antimony (dịka ọmụmaatụ, antimony trioxide) ma ọ bụ metal oxide (dịka ọmụmaatụ, aluminum hydroxide) na-egbochi ịmepụta sistemụ synergistic "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị irè iji belata ọkụ gas-phase.

2. Ndakọrịta dị n'etiti Nhọrọ Plasticizer na Ebumnuche Mgbochi Ọkụ

• TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) nwere obere mbelata ire ọkụ:
  TOTM na-aka mma n'igbochi okpomọkụ mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'igbochi ọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere phosphate esters (dịka ọmụmaatụ, TOTP). Maka ngwa ndị na-egbochi ọkụ dị elu dịka mkpuchi ụlọikwuu, TOTM enweghị ike inye ikike ịgba ọkụ na ihe mgbochi oxygen zuru oke.
• Enweghị ike zuru oke nke plastik zuru oke (naanị akụkụ 40):
  Resin PVC na-achọkarị akụkụ plasticizer 60–75 iji mee ka plastik ahụ dị ọcha. Ọkwa plasticizer dị ala na-eduga na oke viscosity gbazee, na-eme ka nsogbu mgbasa nke ire ọkụ ka njọ.

3. Sistemụ Mgbasa Ozi Na-adịghị Arụ Ọrụ Na-eduga na Nkesa Na-anaghị Adị n'otu

• Ihe na-ekesa ihe dị ugbu a nwere ike ịbụ ụdị ihe eji eme ihe n'ozuzu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, stearic acid ma ọ bụ wax PE), nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ maka ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu (aluminum hypophosphite + zinc borate nke nwere akụkụ 48), na-akpata:
• Nchịkọta nke ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ, na-emepụta ebe ndị na-adịghị ike n'ime mkpuchi ahụ.
• Mmiri na-agbaze nke ọma n'oge nhazi, na-emepụta okpomọkụ shear nke na-akpalite ire ere tupu oge eruo.

4. Ndakọrịta Na-adịghị Mma n'etiti Ihe Na-egbochi Ọkụ na PVC

• Ihe ndị na-adịghị n'ime ahụ dịka aluminum hypophosphite na zinc borate nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti polarity na PVC. Na-enweghị mgbanwe elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe njikọ silane), nkewa nkewa na-eme, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke na-egbochi ire ọkụ.

II. Ụzọ Nhazi Isi

1. Jiri TOTP dochie plasticizer mbụ

• Jiri ike ya dị mma nke na-ebelata ire ọkụ (ọdịnaya phosphorus ≈9%) na mmetụta plastik mee ihe.

2. Mee ka oke na njikọta nke ire ọkụ dịkwuo mma

• Debe aluminom hypophosphite dị ka isi iyi phosphorus mana belata oke ya iji melite mgbasa ma belata "mmetụta wick."
• Debe zinc borate dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ike itinye aka na ihe na-eme ka anwụrụ ọkụ na-agbaze.
• Debe MCA dị ka onye na-eme ka nitrogen rụọ ọrụ mana belata dose ya iji gbochie mbugharị.
• Webataultrafine aluminum hydroxide (ATH)dị ka ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ:
• Nkwụsị ire ọkụ:Mkpọnwụ nke ikuku (endothermic fraction), ịjụ oyi, na ịgbaze gas ndị na-ere ọkụ.
• Mmechi anwụrụ ọkụ:Na-ebelata mmepụta anwụrụ ọkụ nke ukwuu.
• Ihe na-ejupụta:Na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa (ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ire ọkụ).
• Mgbasa na mmụba ka mma (ọkwa ultrafine):Ọ dị mfe ịgbasa karịa ATH nkịtị, na-ebelata mmụba nke viscosity.

3. Ngwọta siri ike maka Nsogbu Mgbasa

• Mee ka ọdịnaya plasticizer dịkwuo elu nke ukwuu:Hụ na e tinyere plastik PVC zuru oke ma belata viscosity sistemụ ahụ.
• Jiri ihe na-ekesa ihe dị elu nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma:Emebere ya kpọmkwem maka ntụ ntụ inorganic dị elu, nke a na-ejikọta ngwa ngwa (aluminum hypophosphite, ATH).
• Nhazi ka mma (ịgwakọta tupu agwakọta dị oke mkpa):Hụ na mmiri na-agba mmiri nke ọma ma gbasaa ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ.

4. Hụ na Nhazi Isi Dị Nkwụsi Ike

• Tinye ihe ndị na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike zuru oke na mmanụ kwesịrị ekwesị.

III. Usoro PVC nke na-egbochi ire ọkụ emegharịrị

IV. Ihe ndetu na isi ihe dị mkpa

1. TOTP bụ Isi Ntọala

• Akụkụ 65–75na-emesi obi ike:
• Nhazi plastik zuru oke: PVC chọrọ plasticizer zuru oke maka imepụta ihe nkiri dị nro ma na-aga n'ihu.
• Mbelata viscosity: Dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye mgbasa nke ihe mgbochi ọkụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu.
• Nkwụsị ire ọkụ n'ime: TOTP n'onwe ya bụ ihe na-eme ka ọkụ ghara ịdị irè nke ukwuu.

2. Njikọta nke na-egbochi ire ọkụ

• Mmekọrịta PNB-Al:Aluminom hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) na-enye njikọ PN nke isi. Zinc borate (B, Zn) na-eme ka ọkụ na nkwụchi anwụrụ ọkụ dịkwuo mma. Ultrafine ATH (Al) na-enye nnukwu oyi na mbelata anwụrụ ọkụ. TOTP na-enyekwa phosphorus. Nke a na-emepụta sistemụ synergistic dị iche iche.
• Ọrụ ATH:Akụkụ 25–35 nke ultrafine ATH bụ isi ihe na-akpata mbelata ọkụ na igbochi anwụrụ ọkụ. Njehie endothermic ya na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ, ebe uzu mmiri a na-ewepụta na-ebelata oxygen na gas ndị nwere ike ire ọkụ.ATH nke a na-agwọ nke ọma na nke a na-agwọ n'elu dị oke mkpaiji belata mmetụta viscosity ma melite ndakọrịta PVC.
• Mbelata nke aluminom hypophosphite:E wedara ya site na akụkụ iri atọ ruo iri na ise ruo iri abụọ iji belata ibu ọrụ sistemụ ma na-ejigide ntinye aka nke phosphorus.
• MCA e belatara:E wedara ya site na akụkụ iri ruo akụkụ anọ ruo isii iji gbochie mbugharị.

3. Ngwọta Mgbasa - Dị Mkpa Maka Ịga nke Ọma

• Ihe na-ekesa ihe nke ọma (akụkụ 3-4):Dị mkpa maka ijikwa ibu dị elu (ngụkọta ihe ndị na-ejupụta ihe na-adịghị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ya nke 50-70!), sistemụ siri ike ịgbasa (aluminum hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe nkịtị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, calcium stearate, wax PE) ezughi oke!Tinye ego na ihe ndị na-ekesa ihe dị oke mma ma jiri ego zuru oke.
• Ọdịnaya plastik (akụkụ 65–75):Dịka ọ dị n'elu, ọ na-ebelata oke viscosity zuru oke, na-emepụta gburugburu ebe ka mma maka mgbasa.
• Mmanụ mmanụ (akụkụ 1-2):Ngwakọta nke mmanụ dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí na-eme ka mmiri na-asọpụta nke ọma n'oge a na-agwakọta ya na mkpuchi ya, na-egbochi ịrapara.

4. Nhazi - Usoro Ngwakọta Tupu Ngwakọta Dị Ike

• Nzọụkwụ 1 (Ntụ ntụ inorganic akọrọ):
• Tinye aluminom hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, na ihe niile dị oke mma na igwekota ngwa ngwa.
• Gwakọta ya na okpomọkụ 80–90°C maka nkeji 8–10. Ebumnuche: Hụ na ihe na-agbasa nke ọma na-ekpuchi ihe ọ bụla kpamkpam, na-agbaji agglomerates.Oge na okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa!
• Nzọụkwụ nke 2 (Ịmepụta slurry):
• Tinye ọtụtụ n'ime TOTP (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 70–80%), ihe ndị na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike niile, na mmanụ dị n'ime na ngwakọta ahụ site na Nzọụkwụ 1.
• Gwakọta ya na okpomọkụ nke 90–100°C ruo nkeji 5–7 ka o wee bụrụ otu ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke na-agbapụta. Hụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka plastik dị mmiri mmiri nke ọma.
• Nzọụkwụ nke 3 (Tinye PVC na ihe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụ):
• Tinye resin PVC, TOTP fọdụrụnụ, mmanụ dị n'èzí (na ihe ndị na-eme ka antioxidants/UV kwụsie ike, ọ bụrụ na etinyere ya n'oge a).
• Gwakọta ya na 100–110°C maka nkeji 7–10 ruo mgbe ọ ga-eru "ebe akọrọ" (na-agbapụta n'efu, enweghị ntụpọ).Zere ịgwakọta ihe karịrị akarị iji gbochie mmebi PVC.
• Ịjụ oyi:Wepụ ngwakọta ahụ ma jụọ oyi ruo <50°C iji gbochie ya ịchakọta.

5. Nhazi na-esote

• Jiri ngwakọta akọrọ oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ maka kalenda ma ọ bụ mkpuchi.
• Jikwaa okpomọkụ nhazi nke ọma (a na-atụ aro ka agbaze okpomọkụ ≤170–175°C) iji zere ọdịda nke ihe na-eme ka ihe kwụsie ike ma ọ bụ mmebi tupu oge eruo nke ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ATH).

V. Nsonaazụ na Ihe Ndị A Na-atụ Anya Ya

• Nkwụsị ire ọkụ:Ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro mbụ (TOTM + elu aluminom hypophosphite/MCA), usoro a emezigharịrị (TOTP + oke P/N/B/Al kachasị mma) kwesịrị ime ka ire ọkụ ghara ịdị irè nke ukwuu, ọkachasị na arụmọrụ ọkụ kwụ ọtọ na igbochi anwụrụ ọkụ. Ụkpụrụ ebumnuche dịka CPAI-84 maka ụlọ ntu. Nnwale ndị dị mkpa: ASTM D6413 (ọkụ kwụ ọtọ).
• Mgbasa:Nnukwu ihe na-agbasa ihe + ihe na-eme ka plastik dị elu + ngwakọta tupu e jiri ya mee ihe kwesịrị ime ka mgbasa ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu, belata njikọta ma melite otu ihe mkpuchi.
• Nhazi:TOTP na mmanụ mmanụ zuru oke kwesịrị ijide n'aka na nhazi ya dị mma, mana nyochaa viscosity na rapara n'oge mmepụta n'ezie.
• Ọnụ ego:TOTP na super-dispersants dị oke ọnụ, mana mbelata aluminom hypophosphite na MCA na-ebelata ụfọdụ ọnụ ahịa. ATH dị ọnụ ala karịa.

Ncheta Dị Mkpa:

• Nnwale obere nha buru ụzọ!Nwalee n'ime ụlọ nyocha ma gbanwee ya dabere na ihe ndị dị adị (karịsịa ATH na arụmọrụ super-dispersant) na akụrụngwa.
• Nhọrọ ihe:
• ATH:A ga-eji ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), nke a gwọchara n'elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, silane). Gakwuru ndị na-ebunye ngwaahịa maka ndụmọdụ ndị dakọtara na PVC.
• Ihe ndị na-agbasa ihe nke ọma:A ga-eji ụdị ndị nwere arụmọrụ dị elu. Gwa ndị na-ebunye ya maka ojiji (PVC, ihe na-ejupụta ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu, ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke na-enweghị halogen).
• AKỤKỌ:Hụ na ị dị mma nke ukwuu.
• Nnwale:Mee nnwale siri ike maka igbochi ire ọkụ dịka ụkpụrụ ebumnuche si dị. Nyochaakwa ịka nká/mgbochi mmiri (dị oke mkpa maka ụlọ ntu ndị dị n'èzí!). Ihe na-eme ka UV sie ike na ihe na-egbochi ya dị oke mkpa.

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