Nyocha na njikarịcha nke nhazi ire ọkụ maka mkpuchi PVC

Nyocha na njikarịcha nke nhazi ire ọkụ maka mkpuchi PVC

Onye ahịa ahụ na-arụpụta ụlọ ntu PVC ma chọọ itinye mkpuchi ọkụ na-ere ọkụ. Usoro nke ugbu a nwere akụkụ 60 PVC resin, akụkụ 40 TOTM, akụkụ 30 aluminom hypophosphite (ya na ọdịnaya 40% phosphorus), akụkụ 10 MCA, akụkụ 8 zinc borate, yana ndị na-ekesa. Otú ọ dị, arụrụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ adịghị mma, na mgbasa nke ndị na-ere ọkụ adịghịkwa ezughị oke. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nyocha nke ihe kpatara ya na mgbanwe a tụrụ anya na usoro.

I. Isi Ihe kpatara Ogbenye ire ere

1. Sistemụ Retardant nke ire ọkụ na-enweghị mmetụta na-adịghị ike

• Aluminom hypophosphite karịrị akarị (akụkụ 30):
  Ọ bụ ezie na aluminom hypophosphite bụ ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke sitere na phosphorus (40% ọdịnaya phosphorus), mgbakwunye oke (> akụkụ 25) nwere ike ibute:
• Mmụba dị ukwuu na viscosity sistemu, na-eme ka mgbasasa sie ike ma na-akpụ ebe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ngwa ngwa (“wick effect”).
• Mbelata ihe siri ike yana ihe arụrụ arụ ihe nkiri n'ihi oke ihe nchacha inorganic.
• Ọdịnaya MCA dị elu (akụkụ 10):
  A na-ejikarị MCA (nitrogen) mee ihe dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe. Mgbe usoro onunu ogwu gafere akụkụ 5, ọ na-achọ ịkwaga n'elu, na-eju arụmọrụ ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ ma nwee ike itinye aka na ndị ọzọ na-ere ọkụ.
• Enweghị ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta isi:
  Ọ bụ ezie na zinc borate nwere mmetụta na-egbochi anwụrụ ọkụ, enweghị nke dabeere na antimony (dịka ọmụmaatụ, antimony trioxide) ma ọ bụ metal oxide (dịka ọmụmaatụ, aluminum hydroxide) ogige na-egbochi ịmepụta "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony" synergistic system, na-akpata na-ezughị ezu gas-phase ire ere retardancy.

2. Nkwekọrịta n'etiti Nhọrọ Plasticizer na Ọkụ Nkwụghachi azụ

• TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) nwere obere azụ azụ ọkụ:
  TOTM karịrị oke okpomọkụ mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ire ọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere phosphate esters (dịka, TOTP). Maka ngwa nkwụghachi ọkụ dị elu dị ka mkpuchi ụlọ ntu, TOTM enweghị ike ịnye ikike chaja zuru oke yana ihe mgbochi oxygen.
• Plasticizer ezughi oke (naanị akụkụ 40):
  Resin PVC na-achọkarị akụkụ 60-75 nke plasticizer maka imepụta plastik zuru oke. Ọdịnaya plasticizer dị ala na-eduga na viscosity dị elu, na-eme ka okwu mgbasa ọkụ na-eme ka ọkụ dịkwuo njọ.

3. Sistemụ mgbasa ozi na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-eduga na nkesa ire ere na-adịghị mma

• Onye na-ekesa ugbu a nwere ike ịbụ ụdị ebumnuche izugbe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, stearic acid ma ọ bụ PE wax), nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ maka ọkụ ọkụ inorganic dị elu (aluminom hypophosphite + zinc borate totaling 48 part), na-akpata:
• Agglomeration nke ire ere retardant, na-eke mpaghara adịghị ike tụrụ na mkpuchi.
• Na-agbaze agbaze na-adịghị mma n'oge nhazi, na-emepụta ikpo ọkụ nke na-ebute ire ere n'oge.

4. Nkwekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti ọkụ retardants na PVC

• Ihe inorganic dị ka aluminom hypophosphite na zinc borate nwere nnukwu ọdịiche polarity na PVC. Na-enweghị mgbanwe elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-ahụ maka njikọ silane), nkewa nke oge na-apụta, na-ebelata arụmọrụ ire ọkụ.

II. Ụzọ imewe isi

1. Dochie Plasticizer Primary na TOTP

• Mee ka ọ dị mma na-adịgide adịgide ire ọkụ (ọdịnaya phosphorus ≈9%) yana mmetụta plastik.

2. Hazie oke na mmekọrịta nke ire ọkụ

• Jide aluminom hypophosphite dị ka isi iyi phosphorus mana belatara nke ọma usoro onunu ogwu iji meziwanye mgbasa ma belata “mmetụta wick.”
• Jidekwa zinc borate dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe (na-akwalite ịcha ọkụ na nkwụsị anwụrụ ọkụ).
• Jide MCA dị ka onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nitrogen mana belata usoro onunu iji gbochie mbugharị.
• Ewebataultrafine aluminum hydroxide (ATH)dị ka akụkụ multifunctional:
• Ọnwụ anwụ:Endothermic decomposition (mmiri akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ), jụrụ oyi, na mwepu nke gas na-ere ọkụ.
• Mbelata anwụrụ ọkụ:N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na-ebelata mmepụta anwụrụ ọkụ.
• Ihe ndochi:Na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa (ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-ere ọkụ ndị ọzọ).
• Ọgbasa na mgbaba emelitere (ọkwa ultrafine):Ọ dị mfe ịgbasa karịa ATH nkịtị, na-ebelata mmụba viscosity.

3. Ngwọta siri ike maka nsogbu mgbasa

• Na-abawanye ọdịnaya plasticizer nke ọma:Gbaa mbọ hụ na plastik PVC zuru ezu ma belata viscosity sistemụ.
• Jiri nnukwu mgbasa ozi dị elu:Ezubere nke ọma maka ibu dị elu, ntụ ntụ inorganic na-adị mfe agglomerated (aluminom hypophosphite, ATH).
• Bulite nhazi (ịgwakọta tupu agwakọta dị oke mkpa):Gbaa mbọ hụ na mmiri na-agbasa nke ọma na ire ere.

4. Gbaa mbọ hụ na nkwụsi ike nhazi ntọala

• Tinye ihe nkwụnye ọkụ zuru oke yana mmanu mmanu kwesịrị ekwesị.

III. Ụdị ọkụ PVC emegharịgharịrị

IV. Ndetu usoro na isi ihe

1. TOTP bụ isi ntọala

• 65-75 akụkụna-emesi obi ike:
• Plasticization zuru oke: PVC chọrọ plasticizer zuru oke maka imepụta ihe nkiri dị nro, na-aga n'ihu.
• Mbelata viscosity: Ọ dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye mgbasa nke ọkụ inorganic inorganic retardants dị elu.
• Ọnwụ ọkụ dị n'ime: TOTP n'onwe ya bụ plasticizer na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke ukwuu.

2. Mmekọahụ Retardant

• PNB-Al mmekọrịta:Aluminom hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) na-enye ntọala PN synergy. Zinc borate (B, Zn) na-eme ka ịcha ọkụ na nkwụsị anwụrụ ọkụ. Ultrafine ATH (Al) na-enye oke ume endothermic dị jụụ na nkwụsị anwụrụ ọkụ. TOTP na-enyekwa aka na phosphorus. Nke a na-emepụta usoro synergistic multi-element.
• Ọrụ ATH:Akụkụ 25-35 nke ultrafine ATH bụ nnukwu ihe na-enye aka na nkwụsị ọkụ na nkwụsị ọkụ. Nbibi ya nke endothermic na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ, ebe vepo mmiri ewepụtara na-eme ka ikuku oxygen na gas na-ere ọkụ.Ultrafine na ATH a na-agwọ ya dị oke egwuiji belata mmetụta viscosity ma melite ndakọrịta PVC.
• Aluminom hypophosphite belatara:E wedata ya site na akụkụ 30 ruo 15-20 iji belata ibu sistemu ka ọ na-ejigide onyinye phosphorus.
• MCA belatara:Ewedata site na 10 ruo 4-6 akụkụ iji gbochie mbugharị.

3. Ngwọta Mgbasa - Dị Mkpa maka Ịga nke Ọma

• Ihe na-ekesa nke ukwuu (akụkụ 3-4):Ihe dị mkpa maka ijikwa ibu dị elu (akụkụ 50-70 ngụkọta inorganic fillers!), Sistemu siri ike ịgbasa (aluminom hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Ndị na-ekesa ndị nkịtị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, calcium stearate, PE wax) ezughi oke!Tinye ego na ndị na-ekesa nnukwu arụmọrụ dị elu ma jiri ego zuru oke.
• Ọdịnaya plastik (akụkụ 65-75):Dịka n'elu, na-ebelata viscosity n'ozuzu ya, na-emepụta ebe dị mma maka mgbasa.
• Mmanụ aṅụ (akụkụ 1-2):Nchikota nke mmanu mmanu ime / nke ozo na-eme ka o doo anya n'oge ngwakọta na mkpuchi, na-egbochi ịrapara.

4. Nhazi - Usoro nkwekọrịta tupu agwakọta

• Nzọụkwụ 1 (Gụkọta ntụ ntụ inorganic):
• Tinye aluminom hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, na ihe niile na-ekesa na ngwakọ dị elu.
• Gwakọta na 80-90 Celsius C maka nkeji 8-10. Ebumnobi: Gbaa mbọ hụ na nnukwu-ekesa na-ekpuchi akụkụ nke ọ bụla, na-emebi agglomerates.Oge na okpomọkụ dị oke egwu!
• Nzọụkwụ 2 (Nhazi Slurry):
• Tinye ọtụtụ n'ime TOTP (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 70-80%), ihe niile na-ekpo ọkụ, na mmanu dị n'ime na ngwakọta site na Nzọụkwụ 1.
• Gwakọta na 90-100 Celsius C maka nkeji 5-7 ka ị mepụta otu uwe, ọkụ na-egbochi ire ọkụ. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ndị plastik na-agbaju ntụ ntụ zuru oke.
• Nzọụkwụ 3 (Tinye PVC na ihe ndị fọdụrụ):
• Tinye resin PVC, TOTP fọdụrụnụ, mmanụ mmanye mpụga (na antioxidants / UV stabilizers, ma ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere na ọkwa a).
• Gwakọta na 100-110 Celsius C maka nkeji 7-10 ruo mgbe ị ga-eru "ebe akọrọ" (na-efu efu, ọ dịghị clumps).Zere ịgwakọta oke iji gbochie mmebi nke PVC.
• Na-ajụ oyi:Gbanyụọ ma mee ka ngwakọta ahụ dị jụụ ruo <50°C iji gbochie ịchịkọta.

5. Na-esote nhazi

• Jiri ngwakọta akọrọ jụrụ oyi maka kalenda ma ọ bụ mkpuchi.
• Okpomọkụ nhazi njikwa nke ọma (atụ aro agbaze okpomọkụ ≤170-175ºC) iji zere ọdịda stabilizer ma ọ bụ ire ere nke ọkụ retardants (dịka, ATH).

V. Nsonaazụ na akpachapụ anya

• Ọnwụ anwụ:Tụnyere usoro mbụ (TOTM + elu aluminom hypophosphite / MCA), usoro a edegharịrị (TOTP + kachasị P / N / B / Al ratios) kwesịrị imeziwanye ire ọkụ ọkụ, karịsịa na arụmọrụ ọkụ kwụ ọtọ na nkwụsị ọkụ. Ụkpụrụ ebumnuche dịka CPAI-84 maka ụlọ ntu. Nnwale isi: ASTM D6413 (ọkụ kwụ ọtọ).
• MgbasaSuper-dispersant + elu plasticizer + kachasị tupu ịgwakọta kwesịrị imeziwanye mgbasa, na-ebelata agglomeration na imeziwanye mkpuchi mkpuchi.
• Nhazi:TOTP zuru oke na mmanu mmanu kwesịrị ịhụ na nhazi nke ọma, mana nyochaa viscosity na ịrapara n'oge mmepụta.
• Ọnụ:TOTP na super-dispersants dị oke ọnụ, mana belatara hypophosphite aluminom na MCA na-akwụ ụgwọ ụfọdụ. ATH dị ọnụ ala.

Ihe ncheta dị mkpa:

• Obere ọnwụnwa buru ụzọ!Nwalee n'ime ụlọ nyocha wee gbanwee dabere na ihe ndị dị adị (karịsịa ATH na arụmọrụ nke ukwuu) na akụrụngwa.
• Nhọrọ ihe:
• ATH:Ga-ejiri ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), akara ule emere n'elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, silane). Kpọtụrụ ndị na-eweta ngwaahịa maka ndụmọdụ dakọtara na PVC.
• Ndị na-ekesa oke:Ga-eji ụdị arụmọrụ dị elu. Gwa ndị na-ebubata ihe gbasara ngwa ahụ (PVC, ihe nchacha inorganic na-ebu dị elu, ire ọkụ na-enweghị halogen).
• TOTP:Gbaa mbọ hụ na ịdị mma dị elu.
• Nnwale:Mepụta ule retardanity ọkụ siri ike maka ụkpụrụ ebumnuche. Nyochaa ịka nká / mmiri na-eguzogide (dị oke mkpa maka ụlọikwuu dị n'èzí!). UV stabilizers na antioxidants dị mkpa.

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